Root Canal Treatment (RCT)

Root canal treatment (RCT), also called endodontic treatment, removes inflamed or infected pulp from inside a tooth, cleans and disinfects the root canals, and seals them to prevent reinfection. Its purpose is to keep the natural tooth instead of extracting it.

Why It Matters

Once the pulp is irreversibly inflamed (irreversible pulpitis) or has died and become infected, it cannot heal. The choice is then between root canal treatment and extraction. Keeping the tooth preserves its root in the bone and avoids the gap that would otherwise need an implant, bridge or denture.

Clinical Details

• Indications: Irreversible pulpitis, a dead (necrotic) pulp, a periapical abscess, or decay or trauma that has exposed the pulp.
• Procedure: Local anaesthesia; isolation of the tooth with a rubber dam; an access opening through the crown; cleaning and shaping of each canal with fine instruments and disinfecting solutions; then filling the canals (obturation), usually with gutta-percha and a sealer.
• Number of visits: One or more appointments, depending on the number of canals, how curved or narrow they are, and whether there is an active infection.
• Restoring the tooth: The access opening is sealed with a permanent filling or a crown. Where little tooth structure remains, a fiber post may be used to support the core.
• If healing fails: Persistent or new infection can be managed with root canal retreatment or root-end surgery (apicoectomy).

FAQ

Does root canal treatment hurt?

The procedure is carried out under local anaesthetic, so most people feel pressure rather than pain. The tooth can be tender for a few days afterwards, which is usually managed with over-the-counter pain relief as advised by the dentist.

Do I need a crown after a root canal?

Often, especially for molars and premolars, which take heavy chewing forces. A front tooth with plenty of remaining structure may only need a filling. The decision depends on how much healthy tooth is left.

Is it better to have a root canal or an extraction?

When the tooth can be restored and has adequate bone support, keeping it is generally preferred. Extraction may be advised if the tooth is cracked below the gum, severely broken down or has a poor long-term outlook.