Tooth Extraction

Tooth extraction is the removal of a tooth from its socket in the jawbone. A simple extraction is used for a tooth that is fully visible in the mouth and can be loosened and lifted out under local anaesthetic. A surgical extraction involves opening the gum and sometimes removing bone or dividing the tooth, and is used for broken-down or impacted teeth.

Why It Matters

Dentists try to keep natural teeth, so extraction is reserved for teeth that cannot be predictably restored. Once a tooth is removed, the neighbouring teeth can drift into the space and the alveolar bone that held the tooth gradually shrinks. For this reason, how the gap will be managed — for example with a dental implant, bridge or partial denture — is best planned before the extraction.

Clinical Details

• Common reasons: Decay or fracture that cannot be restored, advanced gum disease with loss of support, impacted wisdom teeth causing problems, failed root canal treatment, or lack of space before orthodontic treatment.
• Before the procedure: Medical history and current medications are reviewed (for example blood thinners or bone-strengthening drugs), and an X-ray is taken to assess the roots and nearby structures.
• Healing: A blood clot forms in the socket and protects the underlying bone. The gum closes over the following weeks, while the bone inside the socket remodels over several months.
• Socket preservation: If an implant is planned, a bone graft may be placed in the socket at the time of extraction to limit bone loss.
• Possible complications: Bleeding, swelling, infection and dry socket. Removal of lower wisdom teeth also carries a risk of nerve injury, which is assessed beforehand.

FAQ

What can I eat after a tooth extraction?

Once the numbness has worn off, choose soft, lukewarm or cool foods such as yogurt, soup and mashed vegetables, and chew on the other side. Avoid hot drinks and hard, crunchy or seeded foods for the first few days.

How can I prevent dry socket?

Protect the blood clot: avoid smoking, vigorous rinsing or spitting, and drinking through a straw during the first days, and follow the aftercare instructions you are given.

Do I need to replace an extracted tooth?

Not every extracted tooth must be replaced (wisdom teeth are the usual exception), but replacing missing teeth helps maintain chewing function, prevents drifting of neighbouring teeth and, with implants, helps maintain bone volume.