Wisdom Tooth Extraction

Wisdom tooth extraction is the removal of one or more third molars, the last teeth at the back of each side of the upper and lower jaw. Wisdom teeth usually come through in the late teens or early twenties. Some erupt normally, while others stay partly or fully trapped in the gum or bone (impacted wisdom teeth).

Why It Matters

Not every wisdom tooth needs to come out. A wisdom tooth that is healthy and causing no problems is usually left in place and monitored at routine check-ups. Removal is recommended when the tooth causes or is likely to cause specific problems, such as repeated gum infection, decay that cannot be repaired, or damage to the neighbouring tooth. Because extraction is surgery, the expected benefit should outweigh the risks.

Clinical Details

Common reasons for removal: Repeated episodes of pericoronitis (infection of the gum flap over a partly erupted tooth), decay in the wisdom tooth or the tooth in front of it that cannot be restored, an abscess, cysts, or damage to the adjacent tooth's root.
Imaging: A panoramic X-ray shows the tooth's position. If the roots are close to the nerve in the lower jaw, a CBCT scan may be taken to plan the surgery.
Procedure: Usually done under local anaesthetic; sedation or general anaesthetic may be used for difficult cases or anxious patients. For an impacted tooth, the gum is opened, a little bone may be removed and the tooth may be taken out in sections. Dissolvable stitches are often placed.
Normal recovery: Pain, swelling, jaw stiffness and some bruising are expected. They usually peak in the first couple of days and improve over about one to two weeks.
Possible complications: Dry socket, infection, and, for lower wisdom teeth, temporary or rarely longer-lasting numbness of the lip, chin or tongue if a nerve is affected. Your surgeon will explain your individual risk.

FAQ

What can I eat after wisdom tooth extraction?

Stick to soft, lukewarm food for the first days, such as yoghurt, soup, mashed potatoes, scrambled eggs and smoothies taken with a spoon. Avoid hard, crunchy or small foods like nuts, seeds and crisps that can get stuck in the socket, and chew on the other side.

When can I smoke after wisdom tooth removal?

It is best not to smoke at all while the socket heals. Smoking and vaping increase the risk of infection and dry socket. Follow the time frame in your surgeon's aftercare instructions, and avoid it for as long as possible.

When can I drink alcohol or fizzy drinks?

Avoid alcohol for the first few days and while taking prescribed painkillers or antibiotics. Drink fizzy and very hot drinks with care in the first days, and do not use a straw, as suction can disturb the clot.

How long does it take to recover?

Most people are back to normal activities within a few days. Soreness and swelling usually settle within one to two weeks. Seek urgent advice for bleeding that will not stop, worsening pain or swelling, fever or a bad taste with pain.