A sharp, transient pain caused by exposed dentin in response to stimuli. Common triggers are thermal (cold/hot), tactile (touch), osmotic (sweet/sour), or evaporative (air).
It indicates that the protective enamel has worn away or the gums have receded. The pain comes from fluid moving inside the microscopic tubules of the dentin, stimulating the nerve (Hydrodynamic Theory).
Pain caused when the inner layer of the tooth is exposed to cold or air.
Usually due to gum recession, acid erosion (from soda/citrus), or aggressive brushing.
Worn enamel or exposed roots.