Receding Gums (Gingival Recession)

Receding gums (gingival recession) is when the edge of the gum moves away from the crown of the tooth, exposing part of the root surface.

Why It Matters

Tooth roots are covered by cementum rather than enamel. When they are exposed, they can become sensitive to cold, touch or brushing, are more vulnerable to decay and wear, and make teeth look longer. Recession can also be a sign of periodontal disease or of a habit that is damaging the gums, so the cause should be identified before it progresses.

Clinical Details

• Common causes: Periodontal disease, forceful or abrasive brushing, a naturally thin gum type, teeth positioned towards the outer edge of the jawbone, orthodontic tooth movement, smoking, and local trauma such as lip or tongue piercings.
• Signs: Teeth that look longer, a visible root or notch near the gum line, and sensitivity. Bleeding or swelling suggests active gum inflammation (see bleeding gums).
• Assessment: The dentist measures the recession and checks the supporting bone and gum between the teeth, which helps predict whether the root can be covered again.
• Non-surgical management: Correcting brushing technique, treating gum disease (for example with deep cleaning), desensitising products, and tooth-coloured restorations for notched root surfaces.
• Surgical treatment: Where it is suitable, periodontal surgery such as a connective tissue graft can cover exposed roots and thicken thin gum tissue.

FAQ

Can receding gums grow back?

Gum tissue that has receded does not grow back on its own. Treatment can stop it from getting worse, and in suitable cases a gum graft can cover the exposed root again.

Are receding gums serious?

It depends on the cause and how far it has progressed. Mild, stable recession may only need monitoring, while recession linked to gum disease or ongoing loss of attachment needs treatment.

How can I stop my gums receding further?

Use a soft toothbrush with a gentle technique, clean between your teeth, stop smoking, treat any gum disease and attend regular check-ups so changes are spotted early.