The scientific term for tooth decay or cavities. It is an infectious disease where acid produced by bacteria dissolves the hard tissues of the tooth (enamel, dentin, and cementum).
It is the most common chronic disease globally. If untreated, caries progress from the enamel to the nerve, causing abscesses and tooth loss.
The combination of bacteria (plaque), sugar/starch intake, and time.
"Healing" (remineralization) is only possible in the very early stage (White Spot Lesion) using fluoride and calcium. Once there is a physical hole (cavitation), it cannot heal and must be filled.