A fracture in the tooth that may or may not be visible to the naked eye. It can range from harmless "craze lines" in the enamel to deep vertical root fractures.
Unlike a broken bone, a cracked tooth will not heal. If the crack extends into the pulp (nerve), it causes infection. If it extends below the gum line, the tooth often cannot be saved.
Sharp, erratic pain when chewing, or pain when exposed to cold temperatures. The pain is not constant (unlike an abscess).
If the crack is above the gum line, a Crown prevents it from spreading. If the nerve is involved, a Root Canal + Crown is needed.
Only if the crack is a "Vertical Root Fracture" that extends below the bone level.