A parafunctional activity characterized by the involuntary clenching or grinding of the teeth. It can occur during sleep (Sleep Bruxism) or while awake (Awake Bruxism).
Chronic bruxism applies excessive force (up to 250 lbs) to the teeth, leading to enamel attrition (wear), cracked teeth, gum recession, and Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) disorders.
It is the habitual, non-functional grinding of teeth.
Etiology is multifactorial, including stress/anxiety, sleep disorders (like sleep apnea), malocclusion (misaligned teeth), and certain medications (SSRIs).
While stopping the habit is difficult, the damage is managed using a custom-fabricated Night Guard (Occlusal Splint) which prevents tooth-to-tooth contact. Botox injections into the jaw muscles can also reduce force.