Bad Breath (Halitosis)

A condition characterized by a persistent, unpleasant odor in exhaled breath. While often originating from the oral cavity due to bacterial activity, it can occasionally signal systemic health issues.

Why It Matters

Chronic bad breath is frequently an indicator of active periodontal disease, decaying teeth, or oral infections. Masking the odor with mouthwash without treating the underlying cause allows the pathology to progress.

Clinical Details

• Pathogenesis: Anaerobic bacteria break down proteins in food debris, saliva, and mucus, releasing Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSCs) like hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan.
• Locations: Dorsum of the tongue, periodontal pockets, and interdental spaces.

FAQ

What causes bad breath?

85-90% of cases originate in the mouth due to poor hygiene, tongue coating, gum disease (periodontitis), or dry mouth (xerostomia).

How to get rid of bad breath?

Mechanical removal of biofilm is required. This includes brushing, flossing, tongue scraping, and professional calculus removal. Chemical agents (mouthwashes) containing chlorine dioxide or zinc can neutralize VSCs.

Can cavities cause bad breath?

Yes. A carious lesion (cavity) acts as a reservoir for decaying food particles and bacteria. The rotting organic matter trapped inside the tooth structure produces a distinct, foul odor.